Kategori Univerasl Budaya 

A. Kategori Tujuh Univerasal Budaya Menurut Clyde Kluckhohn (1905-1960) Antropolog Amerika

1. Sistem bahasa 
2. Sistem pengetahuan 
3. Sistem organisasi sosial 
4. Sistem peralatan hidup dan teknologi 
5. Sistem mata pencarian
6. Sistem religi 
7. Kesenian.

B. Kategori Sepuluh Univerasal Budaya dipublikasikan J WItter

1. Geography 
2. Language 
3. Family 
4. FCTS (food, clothing, transport, shelter) 
5. VBR (values, beliefs, rituals) 
6. Economics 
7. Education 
8. Politics 
9. Technology 
10. Cultural Expression

C. Kategori Donald Brown's list in Human Universals: Ini adalah daftar yang dibuat oleh Wikipedia 

a) Language and cognition (Linguistic universal)

1)     Language is translatable

2)     Abstraction in speech and thought

3)     Antonyms, synonyms

4)     Logical notions of "and", "not", "opposite", "equivalent", "part/whole", "general/particular"

5)     Binary cognitive distinctions

6)     Color terms: black, white

7)     Classification of: age, behavioral propensities, body parts, colors, fauna, flora, inner states, kin, gender, space, tools, weather conditions

8)     Continua (ordering as cognitive pattern)

9)     Discrepancies between speech, thought, and action

10)   Figurative speech, metaphors

11)   Symbolism, symbolic speech

12)   Synesthetic metaphors

13)   Tabooed utterances

14)   Special speech for special occasions

15)   Prestige from proficient use of language (e.g. poetry)

16)   Planning

17)   Units of time

18)   Language employed to manipulate others

19)   Language employed to misinform or mislead

 

b) Society

1)     Personal names

2)     Family or household

3)     Kin groups

4)     Peer groups not based on family

5)     Actions under self-control distinguished from those not under control

6)     Affection expressed and felt

7)     Age grades

8)     Age statuses

9)     Age terms

10)   Law: rights and obligations, rules of membership

11)   Moral sentiments

12)   Distinguishing right and wrong, good and bad

13)   Promise/oath

14)   Prestige inequalities

15)   Statuses and roles^[3][4]

16)   Leaders

17)   De facto oligarchy

18)   Property

19)   Coalitions

20)   Collective identities

21)   Conflict

22)   Cooperative labor

23)   Gender roles

24)   Males on average travel greater distances over lifetime

25)   Marriage

26)   Husband older than wife on average

27)   Copulation normally conducted in privacy

28)   Incest prevention or avoidance, incest between mother and son unthinkable or tabooed

29)   Collective decision making

30)   Etiquette

31)   Inheritance rules

32)   Generosity admired, gift giving

33)   Mood- or consciousness-altering techniques and/or substances

34)   Redress of wrongs, sanctions

35)   Sexual jealousy

36)   Sexual violence

37)   Shame

38)   Territoriality

39)   Triangular awareness (assessing relationships among the self and two other people)

40)   Some forms of proscribed violence

41)   Visiting

42)   Trade

 

c.   Beliefs (Myth and ritual)

1)     Magical thinking

2)     Use of magic to increase life and win love

3)     Beliefs about death

4)     Beliefs about disease

5)     Beliefs about fortune and misfortune

6)     Divination

7)     Attempts to control weather

8)     Dream interpretation

9)     Beliefs and narratives

10)   Proverbs, sayings

11)   Poetry/rhetorics

12)   Healing practices, medicine

13)   Childbirth customs

14)   Rites of passage

15)   Music, rhythm, dance, and to some degree associations between music and emotion

16)   Play

17)   Toys, playthings

18)   Death rituals, mourning

19)   Feasting

20)   Body adornment

21)   Hairstyles

22)   Art

4.     d. Technology

1)     Shelter

2)     Control of fire

3)     Tools, tool making

4)     Weapons, spear

5)     Containers

6)     Cooking

7)     Lever

8)     Rope

 

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